Help me out here

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I am having a C5 head rebuilt with new 1.75/1.50 valves, springs, adding a 350cfm holley direct bolt on adapter, 6 to 1 header and shaving the .060. The short block is a stock 250cid engine. I have been told I will loose power with this setup. Why? I am lost.
Thanks,
Ken
 
Ken Thompson":26hcn45a said:
I am having a C5 head rebuilt with new 1.75/1.50 valves, springs, adding a 350cfm holley direct bolt on adapter, 6 to 1 header and shaving the .060. The short block is a stock 250cid engine. I have been told I will loose power with this setup. Why? I am lost.
Thanks,
Ken

Nope, that's not true. But I'll tell you some very imprtant points since this is the Hardocre tech zone.


My wife and I drove a modified automatic 250 engined Falcon from 1995 to 2003. I had 500 Holley, +30 pistons, 256 degree cam, headers and K&N filter. We then used a stock 5 speed 200 Falcon for a week. Same 1984 body, different engines. My wife wouldn't have anything other than the 250. It may not have had lots more power, but in general drivabilty and appeal, she loved the bigger engine. My mate had a 1983 250 Falcon tow car, and then sold it for a 1983 200. He gained 5 mpg on the open road, and lost it all around town, and it was thirstier when towing.

So a 250 wins. Okay, we drive engines in the real world, so don't worry about what is said from here on in.

Now lets get analytical for a moment, and then ask, does it really matter?


Firstly, evidence is that a 250 has less latent power potential than a 200. If you add the same gear on a 200 as you do a 250, the 200 will respond much better for power tha the 250. This is proven by analysing the the facts from performance reports since 1969 and factory net power ratings after 1972 to the last 250's made in Australia after 1988.


Secondly, specifically relating to the US 250, the use of any stock 250 block comes with a major Ford design stuff up...a 100 to 110 thou block mismatch where the geometric edge of each of the six pistons fall short from the top of the block. This is a real problem allowing detonation to occur. Any 250 engine should have the 255 '4.2' V8 or 2500 HSC Taurus/ Topaz piston and rod combination to correct this problem. Its very hard and costly to correct, but there is probably 10 to 15 hp hiding in the 100 thou that Ford missed when paterning up thse engines at the factory. They never, ever fixed the problem.


The modern engine is detonation limited, and you never see a 25% improvement in power in a similar specification 200 because of it. Remember, a 250 is 25% bigger than a 200, and, all else being equal, the power should go up proportinaly. This is not the case. So any mods to a 250 which don't include a block mod are automatically loosing 10 to 15% of its peak power.

Forget all of that now. What a 250 does have is 25% more torque than a 200. It has boat loads of tire smoking torque. This is the real plus for any modifed 250, you'll see an improvement in torque, but not a great deal of increase in power.


In Australia, our log and 2V 250's had the same 25 thou short fall as 144's, 170's, 188's 200's and 221's, and in each engine, the larger didn't lose out on the horsepower per cubic inches equation. So gross power ratings of 85, 95, 115, 125, 135, 155 hp respectively proved the engines just got tougher and tougher because the heads, carbs and compression ratio when up with each version. The modified 2V had 170 hp. Each engine gained extra power with its capacity increase, and more. Each engine had complimetary changes to suit it, just like your 250 does.

Interestingly, with the more efficient X-flow engine, the 200's were almost as powerfull as the 250's, and this was because the little engine had a better piston surface than the bigger 250.

I am therefore convinced by the evidence from 200 verse 250 comparisons from 1970 to 1984, that a 250 is lucky to see a 9% power boost from a 25% capacity increase EVEN IF it has a 25 thou recesed piston. When you factor in the 4% overall weight the US 250 has over the Us 200, the 250 really loose out in the hp per cubic inch rating.

What 250's have in there favour is torque which exceeds that of any carb 302 V8 from the 650 rpm idle to about 2800 rpm. Your using those revs all the time. And Compared to a 200, there is always 25% more torque at the rear wheels.
 
8) one thing to consider though when comparing hp rates of various engines, in this case the 200 vs the 250, is to look at what rpm the hp ratings are taken at. usually smaller engines have hp ratings at higher rpms than a larger engine does. this is done partly for insurance reasons, and partly due to the larger engine making its power at lower rpm than the smaller engine., and since this is the case, the formula for calculating hp falls in favor of the smaller engine(hp=tqxrpm/5252).
 
Thanks xctasy and rbohm, I appriciate the input. My engine is a commuter engine, not a hi-rpm engine. Thus the reason for the stock cam. I want more torque and added power would be nice. That said, I have no real interest in spinning this engine.
The other carb I am looking at is the 2305 Holley 350cfm. It is the staged 2bbl which should give me excellent mpg and passing power when needed. (I hope).
Thanks again,
Ken
 
These guys definitely know what they are talking about. You should also check check out David Schjeldal's Falcon Performance Handbook for sale on here:

http://fordsix.com/shop.php

He has very useful comments about heads, valves and carbs. Plus there are a many suggestions for squeezing more power out of the engine for relatively few dollars. It's a good investment at $15.00 or so.
 
Yes luwdwig, I have Davids book. I was confused and needed help.
Thanks, Ken
 
I see now. I thought you were looking for enlightenment and recommended the bible. But you already knew your bible and were looking for commentary.
Well, as long as we're on the same page....
 
I'd never just use the stock cam.

If you have the means, fit a new timing set and degree the old, stock cam. Then send it off for a regrind that favours torque/economy and takes account of the advance or retard it showed on the degree wheel.

Regards, Adam.
 
Hey Ludwig,
I have read the Falcon book time and time again, and after spending the money on the machine work, header and valve train parts from FSPP, I was supprised at the response.
Hi Addo,
The short block will be rebuilt later. I did change the timing chain/gears to the '69 set. The cam choice will be the cam style, you described. Hi torque and economy is my interest for this engine.
Thanks for the help,
Ken
 
Hello to all,

This is a great series of posts - especially for me!

xctasy, I wonder if I could ask for some clarification from you regarding your great response:

If I interpret you correctly, you are saying that the extra 0.100" (or more) cylinder length past the end of the piston at TDC is bad for detonation. Yes?

And so, decking the block, while increasing compression, should also reduce the tendency for detonation?

I realize that increasing compression will also increase the tendency for detonation, but all things being equal, will decking the block reduce the tendency for detonation?

I hope my question (restated a couple of times) is clear.

On my 250 engine, I measured 0.134" of piston recession below the deck of the block. I am planning to deck my block.

Thanks and Regards,
BaldEagleMav
 
8) the only ways to reduce detonation is to;

1: reduce compression pressure

2: reduce combustion tempratures

3: reduce ignition timing

4: enrich the fuel mixture

5: redesign the combustion chamber to allow higher pressure and tempratures
 
rbohm":3mpcm1ng said:
8) the only ways to reduce detonation is to;

1: reduce compression pressure

2: reduce combustion tempratures

3: reduce ignition timing

4: enrich the fuel mixture

5: redesign the combustion chamber to allow higher pressure and tempratures

Harry Ricardo found that increasing turbulence was an important factor.
Joe
 
He who controls detonation, saves the world. Ultimately, the only thing worth considering ever on a piston engine is how to give a 'lead in' before detonation, and tune the engine within an inch of blowing it up, but without actually doing so.


Compression increases on 87 octane gas can go right into the 8.8-9.5:1 level with iron heads if intake charge heating is elimated from the exhast. Fords log heads re heated like old Minis and Austin Sprites. Its likely that it causes the need for 8 octance numbers extra in the recomended grade just to run without detonation. Fords take on the system most likely creates the need for 93 octance gas at 8.8 -9.5:1 C/R if there is the stock heating flutes under the carb and no Clifford adaptor to close it off.

0 decks help significantly, and mean best torque timing, which ramps up the igntion advance aggressively and then backs off under wide open throttle can do a great job. So does a better waste spark or just the simple TFI or Duraspark and ignition systems.


The hard anular edge of the cylinder walls are a detonation point. If you can have it covered for a few extra nanoseconds, incipient detonation is reduced. Proven fact. The 300 has a large 200 thou dished or trenched piston, but a closer head to piston clearance than the 250. All related to Ford I6 engines ( HSC 2300, 2500) had very close clearances. So to did the Lima 2300, because the earlier Pinto 2000 on which it was based had very extreme detonation because of a 60 thou shortfall.


A close piston to chamber clearance is generally better for reducing detonation.

Flame travel is not burning, but inonic atomisation, then an exothermic reaction. Any surface can control the manner in which the 'flame' propagates.

I deal deck to head clearance does depend on the nature of the head type. Hemis can't build enough compression, so they need close clearances, polyspheric heads tend to like 0 decks, wedge heads love postive decks if there is minimal head surface area and good swirl. Mini 1275S, and alloy LS-1's and ZO6 thrive on positive decks.

Domes are generally bad, but some Ford 351SVO Windsors with SVO heads have a domed pop top 12.5:1 piston with a flame path smoothly rafted into it, and 65 cc chambers.


In terms of survial, a poorer head design which can cary a lot of advance before detonating (like Mopar Hemis, Windsor built I6's and V8's, Chrysler LA's and Chevy Gen 1'S and 2's) are more likely to survive in top fuel and endurance racing than better heads like the Cleveland/Lima/Shotgun/Porcupine headed Fords and Chevies. The modern engine is detonation limited, and Ford specifically backed out of the canted valve engines on there 302's, 351's and after they did the CVCH combustion research on the Escort back in the late 70's. The 3.8 Essex and Ford HSC 2.3's used the old Chevy angle plug technology, and got good swirl. The race based Boss 302 and NASCAR 351 engines always suffered in endurance racing untill the combustion chamber designs were optimised.
 
xctasy":1jx02qpg said:
...The hard anular edge of the cylinder walls are a detonation point. If you can have it covered for a few extra nanoseconds, incipient detonation is reduced. Proven fact....


In terms of survial, a poorer head design which can cary a lot of advance before detonating (like Mopar Hemis....

So in order to have the hard anular edge of the cylinder walls covered for those nanoseconds do we need to have the piston extending ABOVE the deck? Just trying to be sure that I understand.


From my motorhead days 30 years past I was taught that Hemis tended to be a bit detonation prone. I have zero personal experience with them.

I was also taught that good (efficient) combustion chamber designs didn't need or WANT great gobs of ignition advance. In other words, with proper turbulence one can achieve a nice, clean burn in less time.
Joe
 
The executive summary is that generally, anything other than a Chevy small block , Windsor or Mopar wedge or flat angle Mini head is likely to have issues with combustion chamber detonation. I don't trust Clevleland, Polyspheric, Hemi, Chevy Rat, CVVH, Pinto, Lima and X-flow 250 engines with respect to detonation, especailly on todays fuels. All of them gained a certain amount of power when compared to there forbers, but at the expense of smoothness and forgiving incipient ignition characteristics. I've ripped appart heaps of X-flow 250's, and they suffer from detonation in every year, 1978, 1980, 1982,1984, 1985, and especially 1987. These were engines with alloy, water heated intakes, on 97 and 91 octane fuel, and with good breathing and moderate compression ratios, and well organised, usally electronic ingition after 1980. I've yet to see a windowed log head block or head suffering major detonation.

The old log and 2v 250's have some bad parts, and really, the only two stuff ups were the anular ledge from the 0.100 thou piston shortfall and the nasty heated intake. Ford had sorted out the breathing after about 1972.

To be absolutely clear, there is no evidence anywhere that parking a piston below the block is any good for performance. Performance is a function of how well you manage detonation. There is really nothing else to it. There are 22 facets in the detonation equation, and piston shortfall is one of the biggest items. Forget carboned up 2.8 Jag engines, and the dangers of long rods and close piston to head clearances. Chevrolets V8's 400 hp 5.7 liter ZO6 may have to run an engine at 6500 rpm rather than 5300 like our 5.4 Quad Cammers to get 400 hp, but thats simply becasue Chev spent the money on detonation elimination, while Ford went the high tech, Lexus style route. Ford always does, and then backtracks latter on.



The details as I've seen it are:-

For peak power, the less advance the better. According to Kenneth Duckworth from Cosworth, any time you see lots of advance, there is a combustion problem. The Cosworth DFV and DFX's had to run very conservative advance to survive.

The 426 Hemi, legendary engine because it could cope with really major punishment, could hack heaps and heaps and heaps of advance, even supercharged engines on Sunaco 120 would hack 57 degrees lead, and not explode! Other, Hemis, specifically the 354, were powder keg engines which ran well if not advanced much, but had no allowance for any incipient ignition when the spark was advanced, and they'd go kaboom.

In a top fuel situation, the 426 based Hemi engines were really good at running quite a lot of advance with nitromethane, without bursting. That's mainly as Chrysler enginers got everything right on the engine, goats knees conrods, crank, block, huge pistons, short stroke.

The 354 block was likely to blow apart because of the enormous roughness of the combustion process. Same with the early closed chamber 351C 4V, a really bad polyspheric engine with marginal thin wall block, yet great crank, good rods and yet it would detonate and run main bearings in races. People were always having main bearing problems because of the closeness to detonation. Once the oiling system was optimized, it was detonation that became the target. As a solution, Ford cast a bunch of Total Performance 'XE' blocks in the early 70's. They were still being cast in Australia up to 1981 as NASCAR blocks. There rationale was that a beefier block and a better 4MA crank was a solution to reducing crank movement from detonation. They did a lot of work on the closed chamber Boss 351 spec heads on later engines, and at least made the combination a race winner.

The Aussies have said it best, though. Early 70's saw Ford leading production car races with there 351C engines. They were way ahead of the older Windsor 351. They did have bulk engine failure problems, way more than Holden's Chev 350 engined cars did.Race engineers like Mick Webb, Kevin Bartlet and Bill Santacecione have said again and again, the Ford engines with Cleveland heads have a lot more performance, but they are rougher and are detonation limited much more so than Windsor headed engines.


On the O deck issue, its a Vizard penchant. It 'gets the job done'.

On both head design and O decks, I'm standing on the shoulders of these, practically motivated giants. The evidence speaks for itself.
 
Hi again xctasy,

Thanks again for another great post. I appreciate your input on this.

So, in terms of taking action for my 250 log engine, I am thinking to do 2 things:
1) deck the block as much as possible to get to my desired compression ratio, and
2) round off the top edge of each cylinder after decking the block to minimize this "hot spot" contributing to detonation.

Does this seem like a good plan to you?

Thanks and regards,
BaldEagleMav
 
The sharp edge on any block has to be chamfered and smoothened back for sure.

With Ford Log blocks, the deck is thin, and narrow. That is, there's less than 300 thou of iron under the top of the block, and its very narrow, less than 5 inches wide. Basically, decking any log head block 100 thou or even 60 thou is something to be avoided because the bolt sorounds are are cast with a radius and decking the block removes this, and can potentially create fracture zones. Any log head small block I6 is a thin wall engine, and its not a good idea to take metal out of any Thin Wall Henry.

To my thinking, your better off getting taller pistons or taller rods.
Around 500 000 6.06" rods were made for Aussie 4.0 Liter I6's from 1998 to 2006, and these are ideal to mate with stock 200 or 250 US pistons. An as near as dammit copy, the 1986-1995 2.5 HSC Taurus/Tempo/Tracer rod is also 6.00", with a common 2.123"crank pin of the same width. Both are out there, but you'll have to do some research.

With the HSC rods, you get a longer, stronger, more modern forged rod with the same critical 0.912" pin and 2.123" rod journal, and its about 120 thou taller than stock. Most aftermarket pistons are 1.475 or 1.500 (down from 1.53 stock), so with a nice thick gasket, there may be just enough room to fit them. Generally, the best four cylinder rods don'r have slots cut into them for oil control in the ring lands. Most aftermarket cast pistons for the 2.3 HSC or 200/250 should be good quality.
 
Ken Thompson":1bk5tfl9 said:
I am having a C5 head rebuilt with new 1.75/1.50 valves, springs, adding a 350cfm holley direct bolt on adapter, 6 to 1 header and shaving the .060. The short block is a stock 250cid engine. I have been told I will loose power with this setup. Why? I am lost.
Thanks,
Ken

Yes you will loose power by installing a early style 1965 head on a 250.

Why you ask? The early 200 head doesnt breath well on a 200, then add another 50 cubic inches and you are asking for trouble! You can get a tricked out "small log" head to perform moderately well on a 200 but compared to a tricked out "big log" head, there is no comparison especially in the higher rpm ranges.

I realize that you arent building a high performance engine either :D

You need the bigger intake and runners of a later later head. Thats why heads changed in 1969 and the 250's and 200's used the same head.

If you compare the size of the intake runners and intake log you can see the differance.

Bigger valves will not help either.

Throw the 65 head away or sell it and look for a 69 or later head. If you have doubts about what I say ask David (CZLN6).

Later,

Doug
 
Hey Mustang,
It's the same head that is on my 76 250 Maverick. I wonder if Ford put a 65 head on my 76 :shock: . If they did, I'm not going to be happy :roll: .
Ken
 
Did I say C5 head :oops: :oops: :oops: I meant D5 head. Shucks, what can I say? :roll: :lol:
Ken
 
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