All of the text below until the bold part is our written report that was handed into our teacher for the project. Just for reference all mentions of us or we refer to me, Todd Metz or my lab partner, Joshua Barveld. I told him any time I posted this information I would put our names so credit could be given where it was due. All the information presented is pretty self explanitory but I am more than willing to explain anything I posted. Thank you for reading and I appreciate any input you might have.
The head we started with was off with was a 1980 200 cubic inch Ford straight six. This cylinder head has a cast in, log type, intake manifold. When we received the head it already had a 45 degree cut on the valves, and the seats appeared to be in good condition. We dissembled the head and jet tanked to it prior to flowing it. We found that air was being drawn through the intake port adjacent cylinder; so we taped off the whole deck. The then found that air was being drawn through the adjacent cylinder’s exhaust port; so we taped it also. We then found that air was being drawn trough the valve guides: we then taped them also. The biggest lift diameter ratio we could open the intake valve to was .3. Conversely, the biggest lift diameter ratio we could open the exhaust valve to was .35. We could not measure velocity because the intake manifold was in the way to measure the intake port, and the Pitot tube would not fit in our tiny exhaust port. The objective of our project was to gain flow so we did not note swirl measurements.
Our initial measures are as flows.
INTAKE .05 L/D .1 L/D .15 L/D .2 L/D .25 L/D .3 L/D
Valve lift 0.0859 0.1718 0.2577 0.3346 0.4295 0.5154 Average Flow
Stock (CFM) 41 68.7 96 109.3 115.5 118.4 91.5
Potential flow (CFM) 56.68 105.98 147.2 166.25 178.12 185.07 139.9
Percent of potential flow 72.34% 64.82% 65.22% 65.74% 64.84% 63.98% 65.40%
EXHAUST .05 L/D .1 L/D .15 L/D .2 L/D .25 L/D .3 L/D .35 L/D
Valve lift 0.0687 0.1375 0.2062 0.2749 0.3436 0.4123 0.4810 Average
Stock 31.5 57.6 78.5 89.7 94.3 97.3 98.8 78.2
Potential flow 35.61 66.57 92.47 112.88 128.36 138.22 142.86 102.4
Percent of potential flow 88.46% 86.53% 84.89% 79.46% 73.47% 70.40% 69.16% 76.39%
For our first modification we back-cut the intake valve 30 degrees. Prior research led us to believe that this modification would have little effects on the exhaust valve. Therefore, we modified the intake valve only. Our results are as follows.
INTAKE .05 L/D .1 L/D .15 L/D .2 L/D .25 L/D .3 L/D
Valve lift 0.0859 0.1718 0.2577 0.3346 0.4295 0.5154 Average Flow
30 degree angle back cut on valve (CFM) 43.2 78.1 100.9 114 121.4 123 96.8
Potential flow (CFM) 56.68 105.98 147.2 166.25 178.12 185.07 139.88
Percent of potential flow 76.22% 73.69% 68.55% 68.57% 68.16% 66.46% 69.18%
CFM gained over stock 2.2 9.4 4.9 4.7 5.9 4.6 5.3
Because we gained CFM at all lifts, we feel this is a good modification.
For our second modification, we removed material from combustion camber to un-shroud the valves. Because of the proximity of combustion camber wall to the valves, we felt the wall was restricting airflow. The results are as follows.
INTAKE .05 L/D .1 L/D .15 L/D .2 L/D .25 L/D .3 L/D
Valve lift 0.0859 0.1718 0.2577 0.3346 0.4295 0.5154 Average Flow
Un-shrouded valves (CFM) 43 83 108.1 119.5 124.7 125.8 100.7
Potential flow (CFM) 56.68 105.98 147.2 166.25 178.12 185.07 139.88
Percent of potential flow 75.86% 78.32% 73.44% 71.88% 70.01% 67.97% 71.98%
CFM gained over stock 2 14.3 12.1 10.2 9.2 7.4 9.2
CFM gained over last modification -0.2 4.9 7.2 5.5 3.3 2.8 3.9
EXHAUST .05 L/D .1 L/D .15 L/D .2 L/D .25 L/D .3 L/D .35 L/D
Valve lift 0.0687 0.1375 0.2062 0.2749 0.3436 0.4123 0.4810 Average
Stock 31.5 57.6 78.5 89.7 94.3 97.3 98.8 78.2
Potential flow 35.61 66.57 92.47 112.88 128.36 138.22 142.86 102.4
Percent of potential flow 88.46% 86.53% 84.89% 79.46% 73.47% 70.40% 69.16% 76.39%
We feel this is a worthwhile modification because CFM was gained in the intake port. There was a loss in the exhaust port. However, we feel this modification will help increase exhaust flow with further modifications.
For our third modification, we did a four-angle valve job. The reason we did not do five angles was there was not a 75-degree stone to fit our head. We ground our seats to 15, 30, 45, and 60 degrees. Our results are as follows.
INTAKE .05 L/D .1 L/D .15 L/D .2 L/D .25 L/D .3 L/D
Valve lift 0.0859 0.1718 0.2577 0.3346 0.4295 0.5154 Average Flow
Valve seats (CFM) 42.5 81.2 107.5 119.8 124 125.2 100.0
Potential flow (CFM) 56.68 105.98 147.2 166.25 178.12 185.07 139.88
Percent of potential flow 74.98% 76.62% 73.03% 72.06% 69.62% 67.65% 71.51%
CFM gained over stock 1.5 12.5 11.5 10.5 8.5 6.8 8.6
CFM gained over last modification -0.5 -1.8 -0.6 0.3 -0.7 -0.6 -0.6
EXHAUST .05 L/D .1 L/D .15 L/D .2 L/D .25 L/D .3 L/D .35 L/D Average
Valve lift 0.0687 0.1375 0.2062 0.2749 0.3436 0.4123 0.4810
Valve seats (CFM) 30.3 54.1 74.7 86.6 93 96.3 98.0 72.5
Potential flow (CFM) 35.61 66.57 92.47 112.88 128.36 138.22 142.86 102.4
Percent of potential flow 85.09% 81.27% 80.78% 76.72% 72.45% 69.67% 68.60% 70.78%
CFM gained over stock -1.2 -3.5 -3.8 -3.1 -1.3 -1.0 -0.8 -5.7
CFM gained over last modification 2.1 2.1 2.4 -1.3 -1.9 -1.3 -1.2 0.4
Because our seats were in such good condition, we feel this modification was not needed. If our valve seat were in bad condition this modification would be necessary. We believe the apparent loss was due to a margin of error, not an actual gain or loss.
For our next modification, we ported the bowl area, which includes the valve guide and short side radius. Our results are as follows.
INTAKE .05 L/D .1 L/D .15 L/D .2 L/D .25 L/D .3 L/D
Valve lift 0.0859 0.1718 0.2577 0.3346 0.4295 0.5154 Average Flow
Bowl work (CFM) 43.8 81.9 108.6 125.4 136.5 138 105.7
Potential flow (CFM) 56.68 105.98 147.2 166.25 178.12 185.07 139.88
Percent of potential flow 77.28% 77.28% 73.78% 75.43% 76.63% 74.57% 75.56%
CFM gained over stock 2.8 13.2 12.6 16.1 21 19.6 14.2
CFM gained over last modification 1.3 0.7 1.1 5.6 12.5 12.8 5.7
EXHAUST .05 L/D .1 L/D .15 L/D .2 L/D .25 L/D .3 L/D .35 L/D Average
Valve lift (CFM) 0.0687 0.1375 0.2062 0.2749 0.3436 0.4123 0.4810
Bowl work (CFM) 31.1 57.1 78 93 104.6 111.1 113.9 79.2
Potential flow 35.61 66.57 92.47 112.88 128.36 138.22 142.86 102.4
Percent of potential flow 87.34% 85.77% 84.35% 82.39% 81.49% 80.38% 79.73% 77.28%
CFM gained over stock -0.4 -0.5 -0.5 3.3 10.3 13.8 15.1 0.9
CFM gained over last modification 0.8 3.0 3.3 6.4 11.6 14.8 15.9 6.6
We feel this is the best modification, due to the large gains in flow. Again, there is an apparent small loss, compared to stock, in exhaust flow at low lifts. Again, we believe this is due to a margin of error: not an actual gain or loss. Conversely, there is a large gain at large lifts on the exhaust side and large gains at most lifts on the intake.
Our final modification was to port the remaining exhaust runner. The intake runner cannot be ported due to the cast-in intake manifold. Our results are as follows.
EXHAUST .05 L/D .1 L/D .15 L/D .2 L/D .25 L/D .3 L/D .35 L/D Average
Valve lift 0.0687 0.1375 0.2062 0.2749 0.3436 0.4123 0.4810
Runner ported (CFM) 30 57 78.6 95.5 111.1 120.9 125.1 82.2
Potential flow (CFM) 35.61 66.57 92.47 112.88 128.36 138.22 142.86 102.4
Percent of potential flow 84.25% 85.62% 85.00% 84.60% 86.55% 87.47% 87.57% 80.24%
CFM gained over stock -1.5 -0.6 0.1 5.8 16.8 23.6 26.3 3.9
CFM gained over last modification -1.1 -0.1 0.6 2.5 6.5 9.8 11.2 3.0
Increasing the size of the exhaust port turned out to be a worthwhile modification. There was a gain in CFM at larger lifts.
The gains in intake flow were moderate in our opinion. We feel the restriction in this head is not in the valve area but in the cast-in manifold. While a gain of max 21 CFM is not huge, it is our belief more gains would be possible in the intake was somehow removed. Given the nature of this head, we feel the exhaust flows very well. We gained max 26.3 CFM to raise our max CFM to a125.1 CFM. After all modifications, the percent of potential flow was raised to 87.57 percent.
READ THIS PART!!
These numbers are KINDA off. What we didnt realize at first is what I put into the first bit. The intake sucks MAJOR butt. We were pulling air in through the intake of the adjacent cylinder. We realized this about halfway through everything. We made one final test in the end. We taped EVERYTHING up and flowed it. The intake with stuff open flowed 138, taped off the deck, exhaust ports, and valve guides. The intake then only flowed 124 CFM. The stock log with all it's restrictions and turns is a SEVERE restriction. We noticed a 5CFM increase simply by allowing air to flow in through the valve guides. If we could have cut off the log and ported the rest of the intake port I know we could have easily seen 145+ CFM out of the intake. Bigger valves with no log and we could have easily flowed the snot out of this thing.
I managed to save that cylinder So at a future date I can experiment with no log, ported intake runner, and bigger valves. The other half of that side of the head is cut apart. I have intake and exhaust runner side views. I also have the 3 and 4 exhaust runner cut right in half so the width of the head bolt hole is exposed too. They really are nice cutaways. I have them here in the room with me and have a few pictures. If someone could host them I could give some pictures to them to be posted up. I also am trying to find my own host so sometime soon they will be posted.
I have quite a few theorys on what could really help this head. They come based on my knowledge of airflow and also with what I seen from the flowbench. Ask any questions at all and I will answer them to my very best knowledge. I will be more than willing to explain anything posted above also any of my results I would love to elaborate on to anyone interested.
Thank you for reading my mini novel and hopefully someone can find this information as useful as I have in trying to figure out how to build one of these heads for power.
Again I also welcome any and all input anyone has.
Todd