Well, it seems everyone was right in a way: it was both a vacuum leak, and a problem with the carb. Allow me to quote the rebuilder from Top-End performance:
"James,
Your DGS blew out a sealing plug on an internal passageway....so the vacuum leak you were searching for was coming from the actual carb body. I should have it repaired and on the way back to you in about a week."
In response to my further queries:
"A backfire could never blow the plug out it basically had to wriggle out over time or melt if the carb was subjected to intense heat…weber leaded the holes left over after the internal passages were machined in these carbs. It is a clean hole so my theory is that it just popped out. I will seal it with epoxy instead of lead so you will never have this problem again. "
"James,
Your DGS blew out a sealing plug on an internal passageway....so the vacuum leak you were searching for was coming from the actual carb body. I should have it repaired and on the way back to you in about a week."
In response to my further queries:
"A backfire could never blow the plug out it basically had to wriggle out over time or melt if the carb was subjected to intense heat…weber leaded the holes left over after the internal passages were machined in these carbs. It is a clean hole so my theory is that it just popped out. I will seal it with epoxy instead of lead so you will never have this problem again. "