Yes.
The stock 200 gives you around 67 rear wheel hp, or about 90 hp net (as installed) from its 120 or so gross (stripped) hp .
There are some bigger 1-bbl carbs around. Some of the 1967 240/300 Ecconoline/F150 carbs are well over 200 cfm and depending on if it has the SCV ignition, you can use on of those.
There is possibly a better earlier exhast pipe (which on some Econolines, Broncos and Falcons) which can be used.
If the whole exhast system is big enough in diameter, has a great aftermarket muffler, and you have a 264 cam and a bigger intake and exhast valves, you may get a really big boost. If you run a wilder cam, you can optimise the igniton with much more advance without getting knock.
Use the Clifford port divider, and you can gain 8 hp or so.
Some desktop dyno tests run by Jack Collins (MustangSix), and some dyno work by 80Stang show about 114 to 117 hp net is possible. That's a gain of 27 hp, or 30% or so with no visual differences.
The true beauty of the engine is that even with a 1-bbl, the limit is not the carb, but the cam, head and then the exhast. Ford used the same 200 cube head, carb, cam and exhast on the bigger 250 in its first year, then spent the next 11 years fiddling with exhast headers, heads and cam profiles to keep it's performance up to scratch in the big old Granada.
You should do the same as Ford did. Carb, cam, head, and then work on the stock header like suggested in the Falcon Six Handbook.