Howdy GVM:
"I'm looking to build a 200 six for my 66 mustang". I'm not clear. Are you going to rebuild the engine that is in your '66? Or find a core?
To answer some of your questions, All engines built with a solid lifter/non-hydraulic type cam had adjustible rockers. Adjustible rockers were used on almost all engines built prior to 1964- That included 144, 170 and 200s. Many 1965 engines came with adjustible rockers even if the engine had hydraulic lifters. FoMoCo had a policy of using up old stock regardless of the model year. So, Yes, adjustible rocker arms and pushrods from early 170s and 200s can be used on later 200s as an easy way to compensate for wear, machining and tolerance changes in the rebuilding process as well as a way to maximize the cams timing. Note- adjustible rocker arms require the correct pushrods as well.
IF you were to start with a later 200 core to rebuild you would gain the use of your current engine and car until it is swap time. You could also start with the head alone, as a first project. A '77 and later head will have larger intake valves @ 1.75", hardened seats, a larger carb hole diameter and larger intake tract volume. These items will either save you time and money, or improve performance potential. The down side is the later heads is an increase in combustion chamber cc from 52 on your stock OEM head to 62 on the later head. That change dropped CR from 9.2:1 in '66 to 8:1 From '74 on. Milling can allow you to regain CR to your goal. What is your CR goal? You will want more than 8:1 for economy and performance.
On the carb, the H/W is a good choice and many on this forum have led the way in using them. I like to suggest an Autolite 2100 in either a 1.02 or 1.14 size as an alternative. They are the simplist carb ever, very durable and inexpensive if you are willing to shop and do your own rebuild. They adapt to direct mounting easily and have correct orientation to the crankshaft.
Wiht the info you've received, I'd suggest that the next thing for you to do is to set down and write a plan, with a budget. Once you have it, share it here for refining. Be prepared for at least two of Murphy's laws- "what ever it costs, it will cost more", and "how ever long it takes, it will take longer". And, I don't know who to atribute this one to, but "As always, the devil is in the details". Just remember to enjoy the journey and to take notes and keep them.
Adios, David